Types of Hydrotherapy
Hydrotherapy is the use of water, both internally and externally and at varying temperatures, for health…
ASTM Petroleum Test Methods
ASTM test methods for the full range of petroleum and petroleum refined products are available from Intertek on a…
Reflux and Reflux Ratio
Reflux is the ratio between the amounts of material that returned to the distillation column…
Vacuum distillation is a key part of the petroleum refining process
Source: Reproduced with permission from Valero Energy Corporation. About 80% of the refineries operating in the…
Crude oil desalting
Removing salts and solids from crude oil is critical to refinery production efficiency. This put…
What does this signal for crude oil?
Very clearly, it suggests an up-move in the price of crude oil. The United States…
Inverted Yield Curve
On 14th Aug 2019, the 10 -year US Treasury bond yield fell below the yield…
TBP, ASTM, and EFV Compared
The TBP, ASTM, and EFV distillation methods achieve different levels of separation for a given…