Aromatics, so called because of their distinctive perfumed smell, are a group of hydrocarbons that…

Petrochemicals are chemicals made from petroleum or natural gas. Primary petrochemicals are divided into three…

After the refining processes, the various fractions are stored in intermediate tanks, then blended into…

The Refinery make up differs from an upstream plant, in that the overall site is…

Up to the early 1970s, crude oil prices were kept reasonably stable by major international…

LNG is a gas transport product. The gas, which is primarily methane (CH4), is converted…

Pipeline management is used to maintain operation and integrity of the pipeline system. It is…

Liquid crude or product pipelines are handled much the same way, with pump stations and…

Pipeline installations consist of driving compressors and pumps, valve stations, pig receive/launch facilities, where the…

Raw natural gas must be processed to meet the trading specifications of pipeline and gas…